Industrialisasi Musik Pop Bali: Ideologi, Kepentingan, Dan Praktiknya

Abstract

Musik pop Bali mengalami industrialisasi sejak dasa warsa 1990-an ketika perkembangan teknologi, system ekonomi, dan budaya music baru mendorong secara massif kelahiran studio-studio rekam, musisi-musisi, dan produk-produknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk industrialisasi musik pop Bali di wilayah Provinsi Bali; ideologi dan kepentingan yang bekerja di dalamnya; dan praktik pergulatan maknanya secara ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, sepanjangduasetengahdasawarsaini, industrialisasi musik pop Bali berlangsung dalam bentuk produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsinya di wilayah Provinsi Bali akibat adanya jalinan kekuasaan budaya, kekuasaan kapital, dan kekuasaan media. Secara musikalitas, musik pop Bali cenderung semakin tidak Bali dalam tangga nada, lirik/syair, gaya penyajian, dan alat musik.Beragam genre dan nuansa musik pop Bali diproduksi padahal sebenarnya bersifat standar. Di dalamnya, kapitalisme secara halus berhasil mengendalikan ideologi-ideologi lainnya, yakni popisme, politik budaya lokal, dan kulturalisme. Tercipta kesadaran palsu bahwa musik pop Bali merupakan kebutuhan masyarakat dan demi pelestarian kebudayaan Bali. Banyaknya pihak yang terlibat memunculkan pergulatan antarpihak tersebut, yakni artikulasi yang berbeda-beda atas makna-makna yang ada untuk kepentingannya masing-masing.

Balinese pop music has got industrialized at the decade of 1970’s since the technological progress, economic system, and new musical culture massively drove to the born of related recording studios, musicians, and products. This study is to comprehend the form of industrialization of Balinese pop music in Bali Province; the ideologies and interests that work behind; and the practice of meaning struggles among all parties engaged economically, socially, culturally, and politically. Data collecting covers techniques of interview, observation, and document studies. The result of study shows that for more than the Balinese pop music industrialization have been occurring in the forms of production, distribution, and consumption in all areas of Bali Province because of the system of cultural power, capital power, and media power. In the musicality aspects, the Balines pop music tends to lose their balineses in their tone scales, lyrics, performance styles, and instruments. For the sake of market, various musical genre and nuance are created although, in fact, they are standard. In the industrialization, capitalism ideology can smoothly control other ideologies, such as popism, politics of local culture, and culturalism. A false consciousness, that Balinese pop music is the need of the society and for the conservation of the Balinese culture, is constructed. So many parties involved in it, so that there are struggles among them, i.e. different articulations towards meaning for the interests they have.